This project involves developing a Heart Rate Monitoring Device using an Arduino UNO, an analog heart rate sensor, an OLED screen, an HC-05 Bluetooth module, a piezo buzzer, a vibration motor, and an LED. The system continuously monitors heart rate and displays it on an OLED screen. Additionally, it transmits the heart rate data to a smartphone app via Bluetooth for remote monitoring with a real-time graph. If the heart rate exceeds or drops below a predefined threshold, alerts are triggered through the smartphone app, a buzzer, an LED, and a vibration motor.

Objective of Heart Rate Monitoring Device:

The objective of this project is to develop a real-time heart rate monitoring device that can:

1. Accurately measure heart rate (BPM) using an analog heart rate sensor.
2. Display real-time BPM values on an OLED screen.
3. Transmit heart rate data to a smartphone app via the HC-05 Bluetooth module for remote monitoring with a real-time graph.
4. Provide alerts through multiple feedback mechanisms (buzzer, LED, and vibration motor) when the heart rate exceeds or drops below a predefined threshold.
5. Improve health monitoring accessibility for individuals with heart conditions, fitness enthusiasts, and medical professionals.

Components used in the Heart Rate Monitoring Device:

1. Arduino UNO

• Acts as the microcontroller to process data from the heart rate sensor.
• Controls the OLED screen, Bluetooth module, buzzer, vibration motor, and LED.

2. Analog Heart Rate Sensor

• Detects blood volume changes in the fingertip to determine heartbeats.
• Provides an analog signal corresponding to pulse variations.

3. HC-05 Bluetooth Module

• Enables wireless transmission of heart rate data to a smartphone app.
• Sends alerts to the app in case of abnormal heart rate readings.

4. OLED Screen

• Displays real-time BPM (Beats Per Minute) readings.

5. Piezo Buzzer

• Provides an audible alert if the heart rate is too high or too low.

6. Vibration Motor

• Gives haptic feedback to the user when the heart rate is outside the safe range.
• Useful for individuals who might not hear the buzzer.

7. LED (Visual Alert Indicator)

• Blinks when the heart rate crosses predefined safety limits.
• Red Blink: High heart rate alert.
• Blue Blink: Low heart rate alert.

Working Principle of Heart Rate Monitoring Device:

1. Heart Rate Measurement

• The heart rate sensor is placed on the fingertip.
• It detects blood flow and converts it into an analog signal.
• The Arduino UNO reads the signal and calculates the heart rate in BPM.

2. Real-Time Data Display

• The BPM value is shown on the OLED screen.

3. Bluetooth Data Transmission to Smartphone App

• The HC-05 Bluetooth module sends BPM data to the smartphone app.
• The app displays the BPM readings and a real-time heart rate graph.

4. Alert System (Abnormal Heart Rate Detection)

• If the BPM is below a critical threshold (e.g., 50 BPM) or above a danger level (e.g., 120 BPM), the system triggers alerts:
  • Smartphone App Notification: Sends an emergency alert to the app.
  • Buzzer Sound: Activates a warning tone.
  • LED Blink: Red for high BPM, Blue for low BPM.
  • Vibration Motor: Provides haptic feedback for immediate attention.

Circuit Diagram of Heart Rate Monitoring Device:

Code for Heart Rate Monitoring Device:

// Libraries for O-Led display
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>

#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128 // OLED display width, in pixels
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64 // OLED display height, in pixels

// Declaration for an SSD1306 display connected to I2C (SDA, SCL pins)
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, -1);

int val; // Declear vlariable for storing BPM reading
int red = 8; // Declear pin for led
int buzzer = 9; // Declear pin for buzzer
int vibration = 10; // Declear pin for Vibration motor
int dc = 11; // Declear pin for DC motor
int i = 0;


void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  Serial.begin(9600);  // initlize Serial monitor for serial communication
  if (!display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C)) { // Address 0x3D for 128x64
    Serial.println(F("SSD1306 allocation failed"));
    for (;;);
  }

  display.clearDisplay(); // Clear the LED display
  display.display();

  //Defining pins as OUTPUT
  pinMode(red, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(vibration, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(dc, OUTPUT);
}

Applications of Heart Rate Monitoring Device:

This Heart Rate Monitoring Device can be used in various fields, including:

1. Healthcare & Medical Monitoring

• Used by patients with cardiac conditions for continuous heart rate monitoring.
• Helps doctors monitor patients remotely via Bluetooth-connected apps.
• Can be integrated into telemedicine systems for real-time health tracking.

2. Fitness & Sports

• Provides real-time heart rate tracking for athletes and fitness enthusiasts.
• Helps individuals maintain their target heart rate zone during workouts.

3. Elderly & At-Risk Individuals

• Alerts caregivers or family members when abnormal heart rates are detected.
• Can be connected to an emergency response system for automatic distress signals.

4. Research & Biomedical Engineering

• Used in biomedical projects to study heart rate variability.
• Helps researchers analyze stress levels and the impact of physical activities on the heart.

5. Smart Wearable Devices

• Can be integrated into wearable technology such as smartwatches or fitness bands.

Conclusion:

The Heart Rate Monitoring Device successfully achieves its goal of providing accurate, real-time heart rate measurements while integrating multiple alert mechanisms. By displaying the heart rate on an OLED screen with a graphical representation and sending data to a smartphone app, the system ensures remote monitoring and accessibility. Additionally, the buzzer, LED, and vibration motor provide immediate feedback when critical heart rate thresholds are exceeded, making it an effective tool for personal health tracking, medical applications, and fitness monitoring.

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